A Student Guide for Interpreting Case Material     

E. Jackson Baur 《College Teaching》2013,61(3):104-108

Abstract

The use of peers in the evaluation of teaching is part of a larger trend in postsecondary education toward a more systematic assessment of classroom performance. Many scholars believe that certain aspects of teaching can be assessed only by classroom observation. This study examines the use that peer reviewers make of teaching products, especially peer observation reports, during the promotion and tenure review process. Results indicate that peer observation reports are seen as an important component in evaluating teaching effectiveness, though perhaps not the best indicator of effective teaching. Despite flaws in peer observation instruments, the results from classroom observation are seen as valid and are used in deliberations about faculty teaching performance.  相似文献   

The Interpersonal Dynamics of Collaborative Reasoning in Peer Interactive Dyads     

Kristiina Kumpulainen  Sinikka Kaartinen 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):333-370

The authors investigated the microlevel processes of collaborative reasoning in heterogeneous peer dyads working on an open-design task in elementary geometry. Special attention was paid to the nature of student social interaction, problem-solving strategies, and mathematical language and how they shape collaborative problem-solving processes. Qualitative case-based analyses of 3 focal dyads reveal that collaborative reasoning was supported by equal participation in social interaction, consisting of joint negotiation of problem-solving strategies and active conceptualization and visualization of the situation. Challenges to collaboration were manifested in the existence of divergent strategies and verbal conceptualizations where negotiation did not lead to the construction of a shared understanding. In summary, the study demonstrates the power of microlevel process analyses in revealing the interpersonal dynamics of collaborative reasoning and shows how those dynamics mediate the learning opportunities in peer interactive dyads.  相似文献   

The “None of the Above” Option in Multiple-Choice Testing: An Experimental Study     

David DiBattista  Jo-Anne Sinnige-Egger  Glenda Fortuna 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):168-183

The authors assessed the effects of using “none of the above” as an option in a 40-item, general-knowledge multiple-choice test administered to undergraduate students. Examinees who selected “none of the above” were given an incentive to write the correct answer to the question posed. Using “none of the above” as the keyed option made items much more difficult (d = ?1.11). Furthermore, 45% of the time that examinees correctly selected “none of the above,” they wrote either a wrong answer (19%) or no answer (26%), and rescoring items to deny credit in these cases caused item discrimination to fall (d = ?0.35). Thus, when “none of the above” is the keyed option, credit earned by examinees with knowledge deficiencies can make items appear to have more discriminatory power than is actually the case. The authors recommend that “none of the above” should not be used as an option in multiple-choice items.  相似文献   

Peer production and collective intelligence as the basis for the public digital university*     

Michael A. Peters  Petar Jandrić 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(13):1271-1284

This paper reviews two main historical approaches to creativity: the Romanticist approach, based on the culture of the irrational, and the Enlightenment approach, based on the culture of the objective. It defends a paradigm of creativity as a sum of rich semiotic systems that form the basis of distributed knowledge and learning, reviews historical ideas of the university, and identifies two conflicting mainstream models in regards to understanding of the university as a public good: the ‘Public’ University circa 1960–1980, and the ‘post-historical’ university. Based on practical experiences, and on previous works by Peters and Jandri?, it develops the new model of ‘the creative university as digital public university’, and argues that it provides a useful philosophical goal for directing present and future practices of the contemporary university.  相似文献   

The Use of Textbooks as a Tool During Collaborative Physics Learning     

Carla van Boxtel  Jos van der Linden  Gellof Kanselaar 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(1):57-76

The study examined how features of student interaction, and the way an individual student contributes to that interaction (his or her participation), relates to the improvement of conceptual understanding within the domain of physics. The study also investigated how textbooks are used during collaborative work and how that use affects the quality of student interaction and outcomes. The participants were 56 students aged 15 or 16. The students worked in dyads on a concept-mapping task that functioned as an introduction for a new course about electricity. A condition in which the students were provided with 2 textbooks was compared with a condition without the availability of textbooks. The use of textbooks had a negative influence on the amount of elaboration and coconstruction in the student interaction. Individual learning outcomes were positively related to the amount of collaborative elaboration in the student interaction.  相似文献   

A Social Acceptance Study of Transported and Non-Transported Pupils in a Rural Secondary School     

B. Everard Blanchard 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):291-303

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of novice co-leaders as compared to an experienced leader when administering a packaged instructional program to disseminate educational knowledge. Seven graduate students, serving as novice co-leaders, conducted workshops using the instructional program. Three instruments adapted from the original field test of the program were used to assess the results. Analysis of covariance and chisquare were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that comparisons between experienced/novice leader group differences were statistically significant with the experienced leader realizing better cognitive and attitudinal results than the novice co-leaders, but that both produced positive results.  相似文献   

Reflective Practice in Physical Education and Physical Education Teacher Education: A Review of the Literature Since 1995     

Øyvind F. Standal  Vegard F. Moe 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):220-240

Reflection and reflective practice are key concepts in the educational literature as well as in research on physical education (PE) and physical education teacher education (PETE). The purpose of this article is to review the current empirical knowledge base for reflection and reflective practice in PE and PETE from 1995 to 2011. The review includes empirical research published in peer reviewed journals on the topics on reflection and reflective practice in the contexts of PE and PETE. There were 33 articles included in the review. Most of the research is conducted in the PETE context, where it was found that pre-service teachers do develop their reflective capabilities. However, the results also indicate students make little progress on critical reflections. In the PE context, it was found that teachers express a need for reflective communities. Theoretical and methodological challenges with the reviewed literature are discussed and suggestions for further research proposed.  相似文献   

Intercultural communication and international public relations: Exploring parallels     

R. S. Zaharna 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(1):85-100

This paper highlights the parallels within the fields of international public relations and intercultural communication as sister fields sharing a common link of communication and culture. The paper discusses the two fields’ struggle for definition and their development of a rich flora of research as well as the debates that ensued. This essay also explores emerging trends within intercultural communication that may well impact international public relations in the future. The paper concludes with an analysis of the parallels within the two fields and the potential for shared knowledge between them.  相似文献   

维吾尔族学生汉语介词学习偏误综述     

李志忠  吴李新 《新疆教育学院学报》2013,(2):72-75

汉语介词是现代汉语最重要的虚词,由于汉语介词自身的重要性以及汉语的特殊性,维吾尔族学生在汉语介词学习中经常出现一些偏误。文章对近年来维吾尔族学生学习汉语介词偏误的研究进行回顾和梳理,在此基础上总结当前研究取得的成绩和存在的不足。  相似文献   

沙汀短篇小说研究的发展     

张东海 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2013,(4):44-49

自上世纪三十年代至今,沙汀短篇小说的研究大致经历了三个阶段:20世纪三四十年代带有强烈的政治色彩的批评;新时期到来至20世纪八十年代末注重系统地分析其艺术特征的审美批评;20世纪八十年代末至今叙事学、心理学等理论方法在沙汀短篇小说研究上的运用和在比较研究方面取得的成绩。纵览历史发展线索,扫描沙汀短篇小说研究的得失,并勾勒出其运动轨迹,不仅可以推动沙汀短篇小说研究向更深层次发展,也将有助于整个现代文学的研究。  相似文献